Your guide to China
History of wines from China
The history of wine in China dates back thousands of years, with evidence of winemaking dating to around 4000 BC during the Neolithic Yangshao culture. Initially, wine was produced from grains, but grape wine production began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) after the introduction of grape cultivation from Central Asia. The Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) saw a significant increase in wine consumption and production, with wine becoming a valuable commodity and a part of Chinese culture.
Despite its long history, modern Chinese winemaking began to take shape in the late 19th century. The first modern Chinese winery, Changyu, was founded in 1892 in Shandong province by Zhang Bishi, who imported vines from the United States and Europe. This marked the beginning of a more sophisticated approach to winemaking in China, with the introduction of European techniques and varieties.
In recent decades, Chinese wine production has experienced rapid growth. The industry expanded significantly after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, leading to a flood of imported wines and increased consumer awareness. Today, China is among the top ten global wine-producing countries, with regions like Ningxia and Shandong emerging as major wine-producing areas. The country is poised to become the world's largest wine-consuming nation, driven by rising affluence and a growing appreciation for wine culture among Chinese consumers.
Terroir of China
China's wine terroir is diverse, with various regions showcasing unique characteristics. The Hebei province, particularly the Huailai and Changli regions, offers a range of terroirs from floodplains to mountain ranges. In contrast, Ningxia is renowned for its low foothills of Helan Mountain, where Bordeaux varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Gernischt thrive. The region's climate, with high annual rainfall and maritime influences, presents challenges but also opportunities for distinct wine expressions.
Other notable regions include Shandong, known for its humid climate and plantings of Cabernet Gernischt, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon. Yunnan, with its varied terroirs, produces wines like Ao Yun's Adong Cru, which blends Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. The diversity in Chinese terroir is further highlighted by regions like Shanxi, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Tianjin, and Jilin, each contributing to the country's rich wine landscape with unique grape varieties and winemaking styles.
Top grapes in China
Kyoho
Kyoho grapes are a popular variety in China, known for their large size and deep purple color. They are incredibly sweet and juicy, making them a favorite for fresh consumption and also for making grape juice and jelly. The skin of the Kyoho grape is thick and can be easily peeled away, which is a common way to eat them in China. Cultivated extensively in the regions with a suitable climate, these grapes have become a symbol of high-quality fruit production in the country.
Red Globe
Red Globe grapes are another variety that enjoys popularity in China. These grapes are distinguished by their large, round berries and a bright red color. They are known for their firm texture and sweet flavor, which makes them ideal for fresh eating. Red Globe grapes are often seen in fruit baskets and are popular during festive occasions. Their robust size and attractive appearance make them a preferred choice for gifts and celebrations. The cultivation of Red Globe grapes in China focuses on achieving high-quality fruit that meets the demands of both domestic and international markets.
Muscat Hamburg
Muscat Hamburg grapes, also known as Black Muscat, are highly prized in China for their unique flavor profile that combines musky and sweet tones. These grapes are typically dark purple to black in color, with a medium size and a slightly oval shape. They are popular for both table consumption and wine production, particularly in regions that specialize in aromatic wines. The Muscat Hamburg grape is appreciated for its versatility and the distinctive aroma it brings to products, making it a sought-after variety among Chinese grape enthusiasts.